Which actions are performed by the trapezius in relation to the scapula?

The trapezius muscle plays a crucial role in the movement and stabilization of the scapula. Its actions include retraction, which involves pulling the scapula towards the spine, and upward rotation, which allows the scapula to rotate upward as the arms are raised. Additionally, the trapezius is responsible for elevation, which raises the scapula, and depression, which lowers it.

These combined actions are essential for various activities, such as reaching overhead or pulling the shoulders back, and highlight the trapezius muscle's importance in shoulder and arm mobility. Understanding these functions helps in appreciating how the trapezius contributes to overall upper body movement and posture.