What can be a complication of degenerative joint disease?

In degenerative joint disease, commonly known as osteoarthritis, one of the primary complications is the development of bone spurs. These spurs occur as the cartilage that cushions the joints deteriorates over time. When this cushioning is lost, bones can begin to rub against each other, which can lead to the formation of bony growths, or bone spurs, at the edges of the joints. This is the body's response to joint instability and reduced cartilage, attempting to stabilize the joint, although this can often contribute to further pain and mobility issues.

The other options do not accurately reflect the changes or outcomes associated with degenerative joint disease. Muscle hypertrophy and improved range of motion are generally not associated with degenerative joint disease; in fact, one often experiences reduced muscle strength and limited movement due to pain and joint dysfunction. Increased flexibility is also unlikely because the stiffness and pain associated with degenerative joint disease typically lead to a decrease in overall joint flexibility. Thus, the formation of bone spurs is a direct result of the degenerative changes occurring within the joint itself.